Medicines that inhibit and stimulating blood clotting
This information is not intended for purposes of treatment without physician.
Description of the pharmacological group
The medicines, which influence the rolling up system of the blood
The means, which reduce coagulation of the blood, it adapts in cardiology for the preventive maintenance of thrombogenesis in patients, who transferred myocardial infarction.
In the organism the process of the stoppage of hemorrhage, i.e., the system of hemostasis, forms the specialized thrombosis (clottage) system, which under the normal physiological conditions is located in the dynamic equilibrium with the thrombolytic (anticoagulative) system. Disruption of the equilibrium between these systems can involve either a substantial increase in the speed of thrombogenesis, or development hemorrhage (from the Greek. haima - the blood, rhagos - broken through; sin.: bleeding).
In the realization of hemostatic reactions the vessels, which surround their cloths, the factors of the coagulability of the blood, which are found in the plasma, all regular elements of the blood, participate. Important role in the process of the regulation of hemostasis belongs to the biologically active substances, which can be subdivided into three groups:
1) the facilitating coagulation blood;
2) the impeding coagulation blood;
3) the causing dilution already rolled up blood.
Special role in the system of coagulation of the blood belongs to thrombocytes (sin.: blood platelet). In 1 mm3 of the blood of man are contained by 150 000 - 300 000 thrombocytes, which were being formed in bone marrow via the splitting of the section of cytoplasm from megacaryocyte. Under the normal physiological conditions the formation of ripe thrombocytes occurs according to the diagram: the stem cells of → the mega-hazelOBfin of → the mega-karyocyte of → thrombocyte. Thrombocytes circulate in the peripheral blood 5-11 days, and then they are destroyed in the liver, the spleen and the lungs.
The functional role of thrombocytes is not limited to their participation in hemostasis, they possess the ability to phagocytize foreign bodies, viruses, participate in the forming of immune reactions, but locating in their composition serotonin and histamine render influence on the air-gap clearance and permeability of small blood vessels.
The participation of thrombocytes strictly in the process of hemostasis is caused by the presence in them of capability for adhesion (from Lat. adhaesio - adhesion - in this context the capability of thrombocytes to stick for the damaged wall of arteries) and the aggregation (from Lat. aggregatio - connection - in this context the ability of thrombocytes “to be cemented” with each other), and also presence in them of the factors of the coagulability of the blood.
Classification
The anticoagulative (anti-thrombotic) means are subdivided into three basic groups:
1) anticoagulants (direct and indirect action, the preparations of low-molecular heparin);
2) fibrinolytic means;
3) Antiaggregants.
Anticoagulants - medicines, which impede formation of filament of fibrin and thrombogenesis, contribute to the curtailment of an increase in the already emergent dust devils, and also to action on the dust devils of endogenous fibrinolytic ferments.
Fibrinolytic means - this is the group of the medicines, which cause the destruction of the formed threads of fibrin and they contribute to the resolution of fresh (not yet subjected to organization) dust devils.
Antiaggregants include the preparations with different mechanism of the actions, which belong to the different chemical compounds, which block the aggregation of thrombocytes and erythrocytes. Acetylsalicylic acid is the basic representative of the group Antiaggregants (aspirin).
Hemostatic means (procoagulants) - the medicines, which facilitate formation and retention of dust devil. The system of hemostasis includes three closely interconnected the process: 1) cellular primary hemostasis; 2) plasma (second) hemostasis; 3) fibrinolysis. In each of these processes are present the factors, whose action is directed toward the retention of the constancy of the internal medium of organism (maintenance of the blood in the liquid state, if necessary the formation of dust devil).